dipole

empymod.model.dipole(src, rec, depth, res, freqtime, signal=None, ab=11, aniso=None, epermH=None, epermV=None, mpermH=None, mpermV=None, **kwargs)[source]

Return EM fields due to infinitesimal small EM dipoles.

Calculate the electromagnetic frequency- or time-domain field due to infinitesimal small electric or magnetic dipole source(s), measured by infinitesimal small electric or magnetic dipole receiver(s); sources and receivers are directed along the principal directions x, y, or z, and all sources are at the same depth, as well as all receivers are at the same depth.

Use the functions bipole() to calculate dipoles with arbitrary angles or bipoles of finite length and arbitrary angle.

The function dipole() could be replaced by bipole() (all there is to do is translate ab into msrc, mrec, azimuth’s and dip’s). However, dipole() is kept separately to serve as an example of a simple modelling routine that can serve as a template.

Parameters
src, reclist of floats or arrays

Source and receiver coordinates [x, y, z] (m):

  • The x- and y-coordinates can be arrays, z is a single value.

  • The x- and y-coordinates must have the same dimension.

Sources or receivers placed on a layer interface are considered in the upper layer.

depthlist

Absolute layer interfaces z (m); #depth = #res - 1 (excluding +/- infinity).

resarray_like

Horizontal resistivities rho_h (Ohm.m); #res = #depth + 1.

Alternatively, res can be a dictionary. See the main manual of empymod too see how to exploit this hook to re-calculate etaH, etaV, zetaH, and zetaV, which can be used to, for instance, use the Cole-Cole model for IP.

freqtimearray_like

Frequencies f (Hz) if signal==None, else times t (s); (f, t > 0).

signal{None, 0, 1, -1}, optional

Source signal, default is None:

  • None: Frequency-domain response

  • -1 : Switch-off time-domain response

  • 0 : Impulse time-domain response

  • +1 : Switch-on time-domain response

abint, optional

Source-receiver configuration, defaults to 11.

electric source

magnetic source

x

y

z

x

y

z

electric

receiver

x

11

12

13

14

15

16

y

21

22

23

24

25

26

z

31

32

33

34

35

36

magnetic

receiver

x

41

42

43

44

45

46

y

51

52

53

54

55

56

z

61

62

63

64

65

66

anisoarray_like, optional

Anisotropies lambda = sqrt(rho_v/rho_h) (-); #aniso = #res. Defaults to ones.

epermH, epermVarray_like, optional

Relative horizontal/vertical electric permittivities epsilon_h/epsilon_v (-); #epermH = #epermV = #res. If epermH is provided but not epermV, isotropic behaviour is assumed. Default is ones.

mpermH, mpermVarray_like, optional

Relative horizontal/vertical magnetic permeabilities mu_h/mu_v (-); #mpermH = #mpermV = #res. If mpermH is provided but not mpermV, isotropic behaviour is assumed. Default is ones.

verb{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, optional

Level of verbosity, default is 2:

  • 0: Print nothing.

  • 1: Print warnings.

  • 2: Print additional runtime and kernel calls

  • 3: Print additional start/stop, condensed parameter information.

  • 4: Print additional full parameter information

ht, htarg, ft, ftarg, xdirect, loopsettings, optinal

See docstring of bipole() for a description.

Returns
EMEMArray, (nfreqtime, nrec, nsrc)

Frequency- or time-domain EM field (depending on signal):

  • If rec is electric, returns E [V/m].

  • If rec is magnetic, returns H [A/m].

EMArray is a subclassed ndarray with .pha and .amp attributes (only relevant for frequency-domain data).

The shape of EM is (nfreqtime, nrec, nsrc). However, single dimensions are removed.

See also

bipole()

EM fields due to arbitrary rotated, finite length EM dipoles.

loop()

EM fields due to a magnetic source loop.

Examples

>>> import empymod
>>> import numpy as np
>>> src = [0, 0, 100]
>>> rec = [np.arange(1, 11)*500, np.zeros(10), 200]
>>> depth = [0, 300, 1000, 1050]
>>> res = [1e20, .3, 1, 50, 1]
>>> EMfield = empymod.dipole(src, rec, depth, res, freqtime=1, verb=0)
>>> print(EMfield)
[  1.68809346e-10 -3.08303130e-10j  -8.77189179e-12 -3.76920235e-11j
  -3.46654704e-12 -4.87133683e-12j  -3.60159726e-13 -1.12434417e-12j
   1.87807271e-13 -6.21669759e-13j   1.97200208e-13 -4.38210489e-13j
   1.44134842e-13 -3.17505260e-13j   9.92770406e-14 -2.33950871e-13j
   6.75287598e-14 -1.74922886e-13j   4.62724887e-14 -1.32266600e-13j]